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Bedouin Soundclash. Bee Gees. Beep Beep. Before Their Eyes. Before There Was Rosalyn. Before Today. Beheading Of A King. Behemoth. Behexen. Being As An Ocean. Believe. Believer. Belle And Sebastian. Gold Wikipedia. Gold,  7. Au. General properties. Pronunciation. GOHLDAppearancemetallic yellow. Standard atomic weightAr, standard7. Gold in the periodic table. Atomic numberZ7. Group, periodgroup 1. Blockd block. Element category transition metal. Electron configurationXe 4f. Electrons per shell. Physical properties. Phaseat STPsolid. Melting point. 13. K 1. 06. 4. 1. 8 C, 1. FBoiling point. 32. K 2. 97. 0 C, 5. FDensitynear r. Heat of fusion. 12. Jmol. Heat of vaporization. Jmol. Molar heat capacity. JmolKVapor pressure. P Pa1. 10. 10. 01 k. T K1. 64. 61. 81. Atomic properties. Oxidation states. Electronegativity. Pauling scale 2. Ionization energies. Jmol. 2nd 1. 98. Jmol. Atomic radiusempirical 1. Covalent radius. 13. Van der Waals radius. Miscellanea. Crystal structureface centered cubic fcc. Speed of soundthin rod. Thermal expansion. K at 2. 5 CThermal conductivity. WmKElectrical resistivity. CMagnetic orderingdiamagnetic3Magnetic susceptibility2. K4Tensile strength. MPa. Youngs modulus. GPa. Shear modulus. GPa. Bulk modulus. GPa5Poisson ratio. Mohs hardness. 2. Vickers hardness. MPa. Brinell hardness. MPa. CAS Number. 74. History. Namingfrom Latin aurum, meaning gold. Discovery. In the Middle Eastbefore 6. Peachtree Premium Accounting 2006 Free Download there. BCEMain isotopes of gold. Wikidata. Gold is a chemical element with symbol Au from Latin aurum and atomic number 7. In its purest form, it is a bright, slightly reddish yellow, dense, soft, malleable, and ductilemetal. Chemically, gold is a transition metal and a group 1. It is one of the least reactive chemical elements and is solid under standard conditions. Gold often occurs in free elemental native form, as nuggets or grains, in rocks, in veins, and in alluvial deposits. It occurs in a solid solution series with the native element silver as electrum and also naturally alloyed with copper and palladium. Less commonly, it occurs in minerals as gold compounds, often with tellurium gold tellurides. Gold is thought to have been produced in supernova nucleosynthesis, from the collision of neutron stars,6 and to have been present in the dust from which the Solar System formed. Because the Earth was molten when it was formed, almost all of the gold present in the early Earth probably sank into the planetary core. Therefore, most of the gold that is in the Earths crust and mantle is thought to have been delivered to Earth later, by asteroid impacts during the Late Heavy Bombardment, about 4 billion years ago. Gold is resistant to most acids, though it does dissolve in aqua regia, a mixture of nitric acid and hydrochloric acid, which forms a soluble tetrachloroaurateanion. Gold is insoluble in nitric acid, which dissolves silver and base metals, a property that has long been used to refine gold and to confirm the presence of gold in metallic objects, giving rise to the term acid test. Gold also dissolves in alkaline solutions of cyanide, which are used in mining and electroplating. Gold dissolves in mercury, forming amalgam alloys, but this is not a chemical reaction. Historically, the value of gold was rooted in its relative rarity,9 easy handling and minting, easy smelting and fabrication, resistance to corrosion and other chemical reactions nobility and its distinctive color. As a precious metal, gold has been used for coinage, jewelry, and other arts throughout recorded history. In the past, a gold standard was often implemented as a monetary policy, but gold coins ceased to be minted as a circulating currency in the 1. A total of 1. 86,7. The world consumption of new gold produced is about 5. Golds high malleability, ductility, resistance to corrosion and most other chemical reactions, and conductivity of electricity have led to its continued use in corrosion resistant electrical connectors in all types of computerized devices its chief industrial use. Gold is also used in infrared shielding, colored glass production, gold leafing, and tooth restoration. Certain gold salts are still used as anti inflammatories in medicine. As of 2. 01. 6, the worlds largest gold producer by far was China with 4. Characteristics. A gold nugget of 5 millimetres 0. Toi museum, Japan. Gold is the most malleable of all metals a single gram can be beaten into a sheet of 1 square meter, and an avoirdupois ounce into 3. Gold leaf can be beaten thin enough to become semi transparent. The transmitted light appears greenish blue, because gold strongly reflects yellow and red. Such semi transparent sheets also strongly reflect infrared light, making them useful as infrared radiant heat shields in visors of heat resistant suits, and in sun visors for spacesuits. Gold is a good conductor of heat and electricity. Gold has a density of 1. By comparison, the density of lead is 1. Color. Different colors of AgAuCu alloys. Whereas most metals are gray or silvery white, gold is slightly reddish yellow. This color is determined by the frequency of plasma oscillations among the metals valence electrons, in the ultraviolet range for most metals but in the visible range for gold due to relativistic effects affecting the orbitals around gold atoms. Similar effects impart a golden hue to metallic caesium. Common colored gold alloys include the distinctive eighteen karat rose gold created by the addition of copper. Alloys containing palladium or nickel are also important in commercial jewelry as these produce white gold alloys. Fourteen karat gold copper alloy is nearly identical in color to certain bronze alloys, and both may be used to produce police and other badges. White gold alloys can be made with palladium or nickel. Fourteen and eighteen karat gold alloys with silver alone appear greenish yellow and are referred to as green gold. Blue gold can be made by alloying with iron, and purple gold can be made by alloying with aluminium. Less commonly, addition of manganese, aluminium, indium and other elements can produce more unusual colors of gold for various applications. Colloidal gold, used by electron microscopists, is red if the particles are small larger particles of colloidal gold are blue. Isotopes. Gold has only one stable isotope, 1. Au, which is also its only naturally occurring isotope, so gold is both a mononuclidic and monoisotopic element. Thirty six radioisotopes have been synthesized ranging in atomic mass from 1. The most stable of these is 1. Au with a half life of 1. The least stable is 1. Au, which decays by proton emission with a half life of 3. Most of golds radioisotopes with atomic masses below 1. The exceptions are 1. Au, which decays by electron capture, and 1. Au, which decays most often by electron capture 9. All of golds radioisotopes with atomic masses above 1. At least 3. 2 nuclear isomers have also been characterized, ranging in atomic mass from 1. Within that range, only 1. Au, 1. 80. Au, 1. Au, 1. 82. Au, and 1. Au do not have isomers. Golds most stable isomer is 1. Au with a half life of 2. Golds least stable isomer is 1. Au with a half life of only 7 ns. Au has three decay paths decay, isomeric transition, and alpha decay. No other isomer or isotope of gold has three decay paths. Synthesis. The production of gold from a more common element, such as lead, has long been a subject of human inquiry, and the ancient and medieval discipline of alchemy often focused on it however, the transmutation of the chemical elements did not become possible until the understanding of nuclear physics in the 2.